Colletotrichum

Cordain Sturm, Deutschl. Fl., 3 Abt. (Pilze Deutschl.) 3: 41, tab. 21. 1831.
  • Synonyms: Glomerella Spauld. & H. Schrenk, Science, N.Y. 17: 751. 1903. For additional synonyms see Sutton (1980).
  • Classification: Sordariomycetes, Hypocreomycetidae, Glomerellales, Glomerellaceae.
  • Type species: Colletotrichum lineola Corda. Holotype: PRM 155463. Epitype and ex-epitype culture: CBS H-20362, CBS 125337.
  • DNA barcodes (genus): ITS.
  • DNA barcodes (species): act, ApMat, apn2, cal, chs-1, gapdh, gs, his3, sod2, tub2.

Ascomata solitary or gregarious, globose to subglobose, dark brown to black, ostiole periphysate; ascomatal wall composed of pale to medium brown flattened cells of textura angularis. Hamathecium composed of hyaline, septate paraphyses, branched at the bases, rounded at the tips. Asci 8-spored, unitunicate, cylindrical to subfusoid, short pedicellate, with an inamyloid, refractive ring at the apex. Ascospores uni- to biseriate, aseptate, hyaline, smooth-walled, cylindrical, oval, fusiform or rhomboid, straight or curved, one end ± acute and one end rounded or both ends rounded. Conidiomata acervular, conidiophores and setae formed on cushions of pale to medium brown, roundish to angular cells, but very variable in culture, ranging from sporodochia-like aggregations of conidiophores directly on hyphae to closed conidiomata that open by rupture. Setae may or may not be present, straight, pale to dark brown, sometimes hyaline towards the tip, smooth-walled, verruculose to verrucose, 1–8-septate, base cylindrical, conical or slightly inflated, tip ± rounded to ± acute. Conidiophores hyaline to pale brown, simple or septate, branched or unbranched, smooth-walled, sometimes verruculose. Conidiogenous cells enteroblastic, hyaline to pale brown, smooth-walled, discrete, cylindrical, ellipsoidal, doliiform or ampulliform, collarette usually distinct, periclinal thickening visible to conspicuous, sometimes extending to form new conidiogenous loci (percurrent) or surrounded by a gelatinous coating. Conidia hyaline, smooth-walled, aseptate, cylindrical, clavate, fusiform, sometimes ellipsoidal to ovoid, straight or curved, apex rounded to acute, sometimes with a filiform appendage, base rounded to truncate, sometimes with a prominent hilum. Appressoria single or in small groups, pale to dark brown, with a globose, elliptical, clavate, navicular or irregular outline and an entire, undulate or lobate edge.

Culture characteristics:

Colonies on PDA flat, with an entire to irregular margin, grey to dark in centre, aerial mycelium, if present, sparse to cottony, white, buff or pale olivaceous green in colour. Reverse first white, with age turning grey to black, olivaceous green or smoke-grey, concentric rings can be observed. Conidia in mass orange, salmon, pink, white or pale grey. Colonies on SNA flat, with an entire, erose, dentate or undulate margin, aerial mycelium, if present, hyaline, white, honey colour, iron-grey, greenish black or dark olivaceous. Reverse hyaline, honey, pale olivaceous grey to iron-grey. Colonies on OA flat, with an entire to umbonate margin, aerial mycelium, if present, white, buff, rosy-buff, very pale glaucous, hyaline or honey coloured. Reverse buff, rosy-buff, flesh, pale luteous, honey coloured, smoke-grey or olivaceous grey. Conidia in mass salmon, saffron, orange, white or rosy-buff.

Optimal media and cultivation conditions: For morphological examinations of the asexual morphs SNA amended with double autoclaved stems of Anthriscus sylvestris (wild chervil) and autoclaved filter paper placed onto the agar surface and incubated under near-ultraviolet light with a 12 h photoperiod at 20 °C for 10 d proved to be best suited to promote sporulation of most of the species, while for other species, culturing on OA or PDA incubated under the same conditions is more suitable. Plates sometimes need to be incubated for 1–2 mo to allow development of the sexual morph.

Distribution:

Worldwide.

Hosts:

Occurs on a wide range of plant families.

Disease symptoms:

Anthracnose disease symptoms include defined, often sunken necrotic spots on leaves, stems, flowers or fruits. Additionally, crown and stem rots, ripe rot, seedling blights and brown blotch are caused by species of this genus.

Notes:

Due to the overlapping morphological characters, species delimitation based on morphology alone is hardly possible in Colletotrichum. Multilocus sequence analyses combined with a polyphasic approach including the analysis of geographical, ecological and morphological data is generally suggested for species differentiation within the genus Colletotrichum (Cai et al. 2009). This approach resulted in the differentiation of almost 200 species, most of them belonging to species complexes. As some studies started at the same time, different sets of loci are being used for different species complexes. ITS, gapdh, chs-1, act, his3 and tub2 (with some also gs or cal) gene regions have been used for studying species within the Col. acutatum, boninense, dematium, destructivum, gigasporum, orbiculare, spaethianum and truncatum species complexes (Cannon et al. 2012, Damm et al. 2012a, b, 2013, 2014, Liu et al. 2014, Jayawardena et al. 2016), while gs, cal and sod2 were additionally applied for the species separation within the Col. gloeosporioides species complex (Weir et al. 2012). In contrast, Crouch et al. (2009) and Crouch (2014) applied ITS, sod2, apn2 and Mat1/apn2 (= ApMat), to study the Col. graminicola and Col. caudatum species complexes. Silva et al. (2012) and Sharma et al. (2015) emphasised the use of ApMat in Colletotrichum species delimitation because of its high resolution within the Col. gloeosporioides species complex compared to previously used loci. Liu et al. (2015, 2016) applied different sets of loci and different phylogenetic methods on a large set of closely related Colletotrichum strains/species belonging to this complex and revealed that ApMat should be combined with other loci to achieve satisfactory species delimitation in the Col. gloeosporioides complex.

As different sets of loci are used in different species complexes and the resolution of species differs depending on both locus and species, there is no agreement among the mycologists on the locus or loci to use for species identification/barcoding. For example, most species in the Col. acutatum complex can be separated by tub2 sequences (Damm et al. 2012b), while species in the Col. gloeosporioides complex can be identified with a combination of ApMat and gs sequences (Liu et al. 2015). Research to select better genetic markers and the best secondary barcoding gene(s) is still ongoing.

References:
  • Cannon et al. 2012 (species complexes); Crouch et al. 2009, Crouch 2014 (phylogeny); Damm et al. 2009, 2012a, b, 2013, 2014, Weir et al. 2012, Liu et al. 2014 (morphology, phylogeny).
  • Cai L, Hyde KD, Taylor PWJ, et al. (2009). A polyphasic approach for studying Colletotrichum. Fungal Diversity 39: 183–204.
  • Cannon PF, Damm U, Johnston PR, et al. (2012). Colletotrichum current status and future directions. Studies in Mycology 73: 181–213.
  • Crouch JA (2014). Colletotrichum caudatum s. l. is a species complex. IMA Fungus 5: 1–30.
  • Crouch JA, Clarke BB, White JF Jr, et al. (2009). Systematic analysis of the falcate-spored graminicolous Colletotrichum and a description of six new species from warm-season grasses. Mycologia 101: 717–732.
  • Damm U, Cannon PF, Liu F, et al. (2013). The Colletotrichum orbiculare species complex: important pathogens of field and weeds. Fungal Diversity 61: 29–59.
  • Damm U, Cannon PF, Woudenberg JHC, et al. (2012a). The Colletotrichum boninense species complex. Studies in Mycology 73: 1–36.
  • Damm U, Cannon PF, Woudenberg JHC, et al. (2012b). The Colletotrichum acutatum species complex. Studies in Mycology 73: 37–113.
  • Damm U, O'Connell RJ, Groenewald JZ, et al. (2014). The Colletotrichum destructivum species complex - hemibiotrophic pathogens of forage and field crops. Studies in Mycology 79: 49–84.
  • Damm U, Woudenberg JHC, Cannon PF, et al. (2009). Colletotrichum species with curved conidia from herbaceous hosts. Fungal Diversity 39: 45–87.
  • Jayawardena RS, Hyde KD, Damm U, et al. (2016) Notes on currently accepted species of Colletotrichum. Mycosphere 7: 1192–1260.
  • Liu F, Cai L, Crous PW, et al. (2014). The Colletotrichum gigasporum species complex. Persoonia 33: 83–97.
  • Liu F, Wang M, Damm U, et al. (2016). Species boundaries in plant pathogenic fungi: a Colletotrichum case study. BMC Evolutionary Biology 16: 81.
  • Liu F, Weir BS, Damm U, et al. (2015). Unravelling Colletotrichum species associated with Camellia: employing ApMat and GS loci to resolve species in the C. gloeosporioides complex. Persoonia 35: 63–86.
  • Sharma G, Kumar-Pinnaka A, Shenoy BD (2015). Resolving the Colletotrichum siamense species complex using ApMat marker. Fungal Diversity 71: 247–264.
  • Silva DN, Talhinhas P, Varzea V, et al. (2012). Application of the Apn2/MAT locus to improve the systematics of the Colletotrichum gloeosporioides complex: an example from coffee (Coffea spp.) hosts. Mycologia 104: 396–409.
  • Weir BS, Johnston PR, Damm U (2012). The Colletotrichum gloeosporioides species complex. Studies in Mycology 73: 115–180.

Table 6. DNA barcodes of accepted Colletotrichum spp. except for species in the C. graminicola and caudatum complexes.

 

 

Species

Isolates1

GenBank accession numbers2

References

ITS

gapdh

chs-1

his3

act

tub2

cal

gs

sod2

ApMat

 

Col. abscissum

COAD 1877T

KP843126

KP843129

KP843132

KP843138

KP843141

KP843135

-

-

-

-

Crous et al. (2015)

Col. acerbum

CBS 128530T

JQ948459

JQ948790

JQ949120

JQ949450

JQ949780

JQ950110

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. acutatum

CBS 112996T

JQ005776

JQ948677

JQ005797

JQ005818

JQ005839

JQ005860

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. aenigma

ICMP 18608T

JX010244

JX010044

JX009774

-

JX009443

JX010389

JX009683

JX010078

JX010311

KM360143

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. aeschynomenes

ICMP 17673T

JX010176

JX009930

JX009799

-

JX009483

JX010392

JX009721

JX010081

JX010314

-

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. agaves

CBS 118190

DQ286221

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

-

Farr et al. (2006)

Col. alatae

ICMP 17919T

JX010190

JX009990

JX009837

-

JX009471

JX010383

JX009738

JX010065

JX010305

KC888932

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. alienum

ICMP 12071T

JX010251

JX010028

JX009882

-

JX009572

JX010411

JX009654

JX010101

JX010333

KM360144

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. americae-borealis

CBS 136232T

KM105224

KM105579

KM105294

KM105364

KM105434

KM105504

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. annellatum

CBS 129826T

JQ005222

JQ005309

JQ005396

JQ005483

JQ005570

JQ005656

JQ005743

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. anthrisci

CBS 125334T

GU227845

GU228237

GU228335

GU228041

GU227943

GU228139

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. antirrhinicola

CBS 102189T

KM105180

KM105531

KM105250

KM105320

KM105390

KM105460

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. aotearoa

ICMP 18537T

JX010205

JX010005

JX009853

-

JX009564

JX010420

JX009611

JX010113

JX010345

KC888930

Weir et al. (2012), Sharma et al. (2015)

Col. aracearum

CGMCC 3.14983 T

KX853167

KX893586

   

KX893578

KX893582

       

Hou et al. (2016),

Col. arxii

CBS 132511T

KF687716

KF687843

KF687780

KF687858

KF687802

KF687881

KF687819

KF687756

-

-

Liu et al. (2014)

Col. asianum

ICMP 18580T

FJ972612

JX010053

JX009867

-

JX009584

JX010406

FJ917506

JX010096

JX010328

FR718814

Prihastuti et al. (2009), Silva et al. (2012), Weir et al. (2012)

Col. australe

CBS 116478T

JQ948455

JQ948786

JQ949116

JQ949446

JQ949776

JQ950106

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. beeveri

CBS 128527T

JQ005171

JQ005258

JQ005345

JQ005432

JQ005519

JQ005605

JQ005692

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. bidentis

COAD 1020T

KF178481

KF178506

KF178530

KF178554

KF178578

KF178602

-

KF178627

-

-

Damm et al. (2013)

Col. bletillum

CGMCC 3.15117T

JX625178

KC843506

-

-

KC843542

JX625207

-

-

-

-

Tao et al. (2013)

Col. boninense

CBS 123755T

JQ005153

JQ005240

JQ005327

JQ005414

JQ005501

JQ005588

JQ005674

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. brasiliense

CBS 128501T

JQ005235

JQ005322

JQ005409

JQ005496

JQ005583

JQ005669

JQ005756

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. brassicola

CBS 101059T

JQ005172

JQ005259

JQ005346

JQ005433

JQ005520

JQ005606

JQ005693

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. brevisporum

BCC 38876T

JN050238

JN050227

KF687760

-

JN050216

JN050244

-

-

-

-

Noireung et al. (2012)

Col. brisbanense

CBS 292.67T

JQ948291

JQ948621

JQ948952

JQ949282

JQ949612

JQ949942

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. bryoniicola

CBS 109849T

KM105181

KM105532

KM105251

KM105321

KM105391

KM105461

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. cairnsense

BRIP 63642T

KU923672

KU923704

KU923710

KU923722

KU923716

KU923688

-

-

-

-

De Silva et al. (2017)

Col. camelliae

CGMCC 3.14925T

KJ955081

KJ954782

-

-

KJ954363

KJ955230

KJ954634

KJ954932

-

KJ954497

Liu et al. (2015)

Col. camelliae-japonicae

CGMCC3.18118T

KX853165

KX893584

   

KX893576

KX893580

       

Hou et al. (2016)

Col. carthami

SAPA100011T

AB696998

-

-

-

-

AB696992

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b),  Uematsu et al. (2012)

Col. changpingense

MFLUCC 15-0022

KP683152

KP852469

KP852449

-

KP683093

KP852490

-

-

-

-

Jayawardena et al. (2016)

Col. chlorophyti

IMI 103806T

GU227894

GU228286

GU228384

GU228090

GU227992

GU228188

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. chrysanthemi

SAPA100010

AB696999

       

AB696993

-

-

-

-

Uematsu et al. (2012), Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. circinans

CBS 221.81T

GU227855

GU228247

GU228345

GU228051

GU227953

GU228149

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. citri

CBS 134233T

KC293581

KC293741

-

-

KC293621

KC293661

KC293701

KC293781

-

-

Huang et al. (2013)

Col. citricola

CBS 134228T

KC293576

KC293736

KC293792

-

KC293616

KC293656

KC293696

KC293776

-

-

Huang et al. (2013)

Col. clidemiae

ICMP 18658T

JX010265

JX009989

JX009877

-

JX009537

JX010438

JX009645

JX010129

JX010356

KC888929

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. cliviae

CBS 125375T

GQ485607

GQ856756

GQ856722

JX560963

GQ856777

GQ849440

-

-

-

-

Yang et al. (2009), Cannon et al. (2012)

Col. coccodes

CBS 369.75T

HM171679

HM171673

JX546681

JX546779

HM171667

JX546873

-

-

-

-

Liu et al. (2011, 2013a)

Col. colombiense

CBS 129818T

JQ005174

JQ005261

JQ005348

JQ005435

JQ005522

JQ005608

JQ005695

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. conoides

CGMCC 3.17615T

KP890168 

KP890162

KP890156

 

KP890144

KP890174

KP890150 

     

Diao et al. 2017

Col. constrictum

CBS 128504T

JQ005238

JQ005325

JQ005412

JQ005499

JQ005586

JQ005672

JQ005759

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col.cordylinicola

ICMP 18579T

JX010226

JX009975

JX009864

-

HM470235

JX010440

HM470238

JX010122

JX010361

JQ899274

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. cosmi

CBS 853.73T

JQ948274

JQ948604

JQ948935

JQ949265

JQ949595

JQ949925

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. costaricense

CBS 330.75T

JQ948180

JQ948510

JQ948841

JQ949171

JQ949501

JQ949831

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. curcumae

IMI 288937T

GU227893

GU228285

GU228383

GU228089

GU227991

GU228187

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. cuscutae

IMI 304802T

JQ948195

JQ948525

JQ948856

JQ949186

JQ949516

JQ949846

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. cymbidiicola

IMI 347923T

JQ005166

JQ005253

JQ005340

JQ005427

JQ005514

JQ005600

JQ005687

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. dacrycarpi

CBS 130241T

JQ005236

JQ005323

JQ005410

JQ005497

JQ005584

JQ005670

JQ005757

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. dematium

CBS 125.25T

GU227819

GU228211

GU228309

GU228015

GU227917

GU228113

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. destructivum

CBS 136228T

KM105207

KM105561

KM105277

KM105347

KM105417

KM105487

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. dracaenophilum

CBS 118199T

DQ286209, JX519222

JX546707

JX519230

JX546756

JX519238

JX519247

-

-

-

-

Cannon et al. (2012), Farr et al. (2006)

Col. endophytica

MFLUCC 13–0418T

KC633854

KC832854

-

-

KF306258

-

KC810018

-

-

-

Manamgoda et al. (2013)

Col. euphorbiae

CBS 134725T

KF777146

KF777131

KF777128

KF777134

KF777125

KF777247

-

-

-

-

Crous et al. (2013)

Col. excelsum-altitudum

CGMCC 3.15130T

HM751815

KC843502

-

-

KC843548

JX625211

-

-

-

-

Tao et al. (2013)

Col. fioriniae

CBS 128517T

JQ948292

JQ948622

JQ948953

JQ949283

JQ949613

JQ949943

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. fructi

CBS 346.37T

GU227844

GU228236

GU228334

GU228040

GU227942

GU228138

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. fructicola

ICMP 18581T

JX010165

JX010033

JX009866

-

FJ907426

JX010405

FJ917508

JX010095

JX010327

JQ807838

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. fructivorum

CBS 133125T

JX145145

-

-

-

-

JX145196

-

-

-

JX145300

Doyle et al. (2013)

Col. fuscum

CBS 133701T

KM105174

KM105524

KM105244

KM105314

KM105384

KM105454

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. fusiforme

MFLUCC 12–0437T

KT290266

KT290255

KT290253

-

KT290251

KT290256

-

-

-

-

Ariyawansa et al. (2015)

Col. gigasporum

CBS 133266T

AM982797, KF687715

KF687822

KF687761

KF687844

-

FN557442, KF687866

-

-

-

-

Rakotoniriana et al. (2013), Liu et al. (2014)

Col. gloeosporioides

CBS 112999T

JQ005152

JQ005239

JQ005326

JQ005413

JQ005500

JQ005587

JQ005673

JX010085

JX010365

JQ807843

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. godetiae

CBS 133.44T

JQ948402

JQ948733

JQ949063

JQ949393

JQ949723

JQ950053

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. grevilleae

CBS 132879T

KC297078

KC297010

KC296987

KC297056

KC296941

KC297102

KC296963

KC297033

-

-

Liu et al. (2013b)

Col. grossum

CGMCC3.17614 T

KP890165

KP890159

KP890153

 

KP890141

KP890171

KP890147

     

Diao et al. (2017)

Col. guajavae

IMI 350839T

JQ948270

JQ948600

JQ948931

JQ949261

JQ949591

JQ949921

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. guizhouensis

CGMCC 3.15112T

JX625158

KC843507

-

-

KC843536

JX625185

-

-

-

-

Tao et al. (2013)

Col. hebeiense

MFLUCC13–0726T

KF156863

KF377495

KF289008

-

KF377532

KF288975

-

-

-

-

Yan et al. (2015)

Col. hemerocallidis

CBS 130642T

JQ400005

JQ400012

JQ399998

-

JQ399991

JQ400019

KJ781319

-

-

-

Yang et al. (2012)

Col. henanense

CGMCC 3.17354T

KJ955109

KJ954810

-

-

KM023257

KJ955257

KJ954662

KJ954960

-

KJ954524

Liu et al. (2015)

Col. higginsianum

IMI 349061T

KM105184

KM105535

KM105254

KM105324

KM105394

KM105464

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. hippeastri

CBS 125376T

JQ005231

JQ005318

JQ005405

JQ005492

JQ005579

JQ005665

JQ005752

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. horii

ICMP 10492T

GQ329690

GQ329681

JX009752

-

JX009438

JX010450

JX009604

JX010137

JX010370

JQ807840

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. hsienjenchang

MAFF 243051

AB738855

-

AB738846

AB738847

AB738845

-

-

-

-

-

Sato et al. (2012)

Col. hymenocallidicola

MFLUCC 12–0531T

KT290264

KT290263

KT290262

-

KT290260

KT290261

-

-

-

-

Ariyawansa et al. (2015)

Col. incanum

ATCC 64682T

KC110789

KC110807

-

KC110798

KC110825

KC110816

-

-

-

-

Yang et al. (2014)

Col. indonesiense

CBS 127551T

JQ948288

JQ948618

JQ948949

JQ949279

JQ949609

JQ949939

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. insertae

MFLU 15–1895T

KX618686

 KX618684

KX618683

 

KX618682

KX618685

       

Hyde et al. (2016)

Col. jiangxiense

CGMCC 3.17363T

KJ955201

KJ954902

-

-

KJ954471

KJ955348

KJ954752

KJ955051

-

KJ954607

Liu et al. (2015)

Col. johnstonii

CBS 128532T

JQ948444

JQ948775

JQ949105

JQ949435

JQ949765

JQ950095

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. kahawae subsp. kahawae

ICMP 17816T

JX010231

JX010012

JX009813

-

JX009452

JX010444

JX009642

JX010130

JX010350

JQ894579

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. kahawae subsp. ciggaro

ICMP 18539T

JX010230

JX009966

JX009800

 

JX009523

JX010434

JX009635

JX010132

JX010346

 

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. karstii

CBS 132134T

HM585409

HM585391

HM582023

 

HM581995

HM585428

HM582013

-

-

-

Yang et al. (2009)

Col. kinghornii

CBS 198.35T

JQ948454

JQ948785

JQ949115

JQ949445

JQ949775

JQ950105

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. 2012b

Col. lacticiphilum

CBS 112989T

JQ948289

JQ948619

JQ948950

JQ949280

JQ949610

JQ949940

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. ledebouriae

CBS 141284T

KX228254

-

-

KX228365

KX228357

-

-

-

-

-

Crous et al. (2016)

Col. lentis

CBS 127604T

JQ005766

KM105597

JQ005787

JQ005808

JQ005829

JQ005850

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. liaoningense

CGMCC3.17616 T

KP890104

KP890135

KP890127

 

KP890097 

KP890111

KP890119

     

Diao et al. (2017)

Col. lilii

CBS 109214

GU227810

GU228202

GU228300

GU228006

GU227908

GU228104

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. limetticola

CBS 114.14T

JQ948193

JQ948523

JQ948854

JQ949184

JQ949514

JQ949844

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. lindemuthianum

CBS 144.31T

JQ005779

JX546712

JQ005800

JQ005821

JQ005842

JQ005863

-

KF178643

-

-

Damm et al. (2013), Liu et al. (2013a)

Col. lineola

CBS 125337T

GU227829

GU228221

GU228319

GU228025

GU227927

GU228123

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. lini

CBS 172.51T

JQ005765

KM105581

JQ005786

JQ005807

JQ005828

JQ005849

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. liriopes

CBS 119444T

GU227804

GU228196

GU228294

GU228000

GU227902

GU228098

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. lupini

CBS 109225T

JQ948155

JQ948485

JQ948816

JQ949146

JQ949476

JQ949806

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. magnisporum

CBS 398.84T

KF687718

KF687842

KF687782

KF687865

KF687803

KF687882

-

KF687742

-

-

Liu et al. (2014)

Col. malvarum

CBS 521.97T

KF178480

KF178504

KF178529

KF178553

KF178577

KF178601

-

KF178626

-

-

Damm et al. (2013)

Col. melonis

CBS 159.84T

JQ948194

JQ948524

JQ948855

JQ949185

JQ949515

JQ949845

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. menispermi

MFLU 14–0625HT

KU242357

KU242356

KU242355

-

KU242353

KU242354

-

-

-

-

Li et al. (2016)

Col. metake

MAFF 244029

AB738859

(Sequences availabe at  http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/databases-micro_search_en.php)

Sato et al. (2012)

Col. musae

ICMP 19119T

JX010146

JX010050

JX009896

-

JX009433

HQ596280

JX009742

JX010103

JX010335

KC888926

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. neosansevieriae

CBS 139918T

KR476747

KR476791

-

KR476792

KR476790

KR476797

-

-

-

-

Crous et al. (2015)

Col. nigrum

CBS 169.49T

JX546838

JX546742

JX546693

JX546791

JX546646

JX546885

-

-

-

-

Liu et al. (2013a)

Col. novae-zelandiae

CBS 128505T

JQ005228

JQ005315

JQ005402

JQ005489

JQ005576

JQ005662

JQ005749

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. nupharicola

ICMP 18187T

JX010187

JX009972

JX009835

-

JX009437

JX010398

JX009663

JX010088

JX010320

JX145319

Weir et al. (2012),  Doyle et al. (2013)

Col. nymphaeae

CBS 515.78T

JQ948197

JQ948527

JQ948858

JQ949188

JQ949518

JQ949848

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. ocimi

CBS 298.94T

KM105222

KM105577

KM105292

KM105362

KM105432

KM105502

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. oncidii

CBS 129828T

JQ005169

JQ005256

JQ005343

JQ005430

JQ005517

JQ005603

JQ005690

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. orbiculare

CBS 570.97T

KF178466

KF178490

KF178515

KF178539

KF178563

KF178587

-

KF178611

-

-

Damm et al. (2013)

Col. orchidophilum

CBS 632.80T

JQ948151

JQ948481

JQ948812

JQ949142

JQ949472

JQ949802

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. panacicola

C08048

GU935867

GU935847

-

-

GU944757

-

-

GU935807

-

-

Choi et al. (2011)

Col. paranaense

CBS 134729T

KC204992

KC205026

KC205043

KC205004

KC205077

KC205060

-

-

-

-

Bragança et al. (2016)

Col. parsonsiae

CBS 128525T

JQ005233

JQ005320

JQ005407

JQ005494

JQ005581

JQ005667

JQ005754

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. paxtonii

IMI 165753T

JQ948285

JQ948615

JQ948946

JQ949276

JQ949606

JQ949936

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. petchii

CBS 378.94T

JQ005223

JQ005310

JQ005397

JQ005484

JQ005571

JQ005657

JQ005744

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. phormii

CBS 118194T

JQ948446

JQ948777

JQ949107

JQ949437

JQ949767

JQ950097

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. phyllanthi

CBS 175.67T

JQ005221

JQ005308

JQ005395

JQ005482

JQ005569

JQ005655

JQ005742

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. pisicola

CBS 724.97T

KM105172

KM105522

KM105242

KM105312

KM105382

KM105452

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. proteae

CBS 132882T

KC297079

KC297009

KC296986

KC297045

KC296940

KC297101

KC296960

-

KC297032

-

Liu et al. (2013b)

Col. pseudoacutatum

CBS 436.77T

JQ948480

JQ948811

JQ949141

JQ949471

JQ949801

JQ950131

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012)

Col. pseudomajus

CBS 571.88T

KF687722

KF687826

KF687779

KF687864

KF687801

KF687883

KF687807

KF687744

-

-

Liu et al. (2014)

Col. psidii

ICMP 19120

JX010219

JX009967

JX009901

-

JX009515

JX010443

JX009743

JX010133

JX010366

KC888931

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. pyricola

CBS 128531T

JQ948445

JQ948776

JQ949106

JQ949436

JQ949766

JQ950096

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. queenslandicum

ICMP 1778T

JX010276

JX009934

JX009899

-

JX009447

JX010414

JX009691

JX010104

JX010336

KC888928

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. quinquefoliae

MFLU 14–0626HT

KU236391

KU236390

-

-

KU236389

KU236392

-

-

-

-

Li et al. (2016)

Col. radicis

CBS 529.93T

KF687719

KF687825

KF687762

KF687847

KF687785

KF687869

KF687806

KF687743

-

-

Liu et al. (2014)

Col. rhexiae

CBS 133134T

JX145128

-

-

-

 

JX145179

-

-

-

JX145290

Doyle et al. (2013)

Col. rhombiforme

CBS 129953T

JQ948457

JQ948788

JQ949118

JQ949448

JQ949778

JQ950108

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. riograndense

ICMP 20083T

KM655299

KM655298

KM655297

-

KM655295

KM65530

KM655296

-

-

-

Macedo et al. (2016)

Col. rusci

CBS 119206T

GU227818

GU228210

GU228308

GU228014

GU227916

GU228112

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. salicis

CBS 607.94T

JQ948460

JQ948791

JQ949121

JQ949451

JQ949781

JQ950111

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. salsolae

ICMP 19051T

JX010242

JX009916

JX009863

-

JX009562

JX010403

JX009696

JX010093

JX010325

KC888925

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. sansevieriae

MAFF 239721T

AB212991

(Sequences availabe at  http://www.gene.affrc.go.jp/databases-micro_search_en.php)

Nakamura et al. (2006)

Col. scovillei

CBS 126529T

JQ948267

JQ948597

JQ948928

JQ949258

JQ949588

JQ949918

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. sedi

MFLUCC 14–1002T

KM974758;

KM974755

KM974754

-

KM974756

KM974757

-

-

-

-

Liu et al. (2015c)

Col. siamense

ICMP 18578T

JX010171

JX009924

JX009865

-

FJ907423

JX010404

FJ917505

JX010094

JX010326

JQ899289

Phoulivong et al. (2009), Weir et al. (2012)

Col. sidae

CBS 504.97T

KF178472

KF178497

KF178521

KF178545

KF178569

KF178593

-

KF178618

-

-

Damm et al. (2013)

Col. simmondsii

CBS 122122T

JQ948276

JQ948606

JQ948937

JQ949267

JQ949597

JQ949927

FJ917510

FJ972591

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b), Prihastuti et al. (2009)

Col. sloanei

IMI 364297T

JQ948287

JQ948617

JQ948948

JQ949278

JQ949608

JQ949938

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. spaethianum

CBS 167.49T

GU227807

GU228199

GU228297

GU228003

GU227905

GU228101

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. spinaceae

CBS 128.57

GU227847

GU228239

GU228337

GU228043

GU227945

GU228141

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. spinosum

CBS 515.97T

KF178474

KF178498

KF178523

KF178547

KF178571

KF178595

-

KF178620

-

-

Damm et al. (2013)

Col. sydowii

CBS 135819 T

KY263783

KY263785

KY263787

KY263789

KY263791

KY263793

       

Marin-Felix et al. (2017)

Col. syzygicola

MFLUCC 10–0624T

KF242094

KF242156

-

-

KF157801

KF254880

KF254859

KF242125

-

-

Udayanga et al. (2013)

Col. tabacum

CPC 18945T

KM105204

KM105557

KM105274

KM105344

KM105414

KM105484

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. tamarilloi

CBS 129814T

JQ948184

JQ948514

JQ948845

JQ949175

JQ949505

JQ949835

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. tanaceti

CBS 132693T

JX218228

JX218243

JX259268

-

JX218238

JX218233

-

-

-

-

Barimani et al. (2013), Damm et al. (2014)

Col. tebeestii

CBS 522.97T

KF178473

KF178505

KF178522

KF178546

KF178570

KF178594

-

KF178619

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. temperatum

CBS 133122T

JX145159

-

-

-

-

JX145211

-

-

-

JX145298

Doyle et al. (2013)

Col. theobromicola

ICMP 18649T

JX010294

JX010006

JX009869

-

JX009444

JX010447

JX009591

JX010139

JX010372

KC790726

Weir et al. (2012)

Col. ti

ICMP 4832T

JX010269

JX009952

JX009898

-

JX009520

JX010442

JX009649

JX010123

JX010362

KM360146

Weir et al. (2012), Liu et al. (2015)

Col. tofieldiae

CBS 495.85

GU227801

GU228193

GU228291

GU227997

GU227899

GU228095

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. torulosum

CBS 128544T

JQ005164

JQ005251

JQ005338

JQ005425

JQ005512

JQ005512

JQ005512

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012a)

Col. trichellum

CBS 217.64

GU227812

GU228204

GU228302

GU228009

GU227910

GU228106

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. trifolii

CBS 158.83T

KF178478

KF178502

KF178527

KF178551

KF178575

KF178599

-

KF178624

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. tropicale

ICMP 18653T

JX010264

JX010007

JX009870

-

JX009489

JX010407

JX009719

JX010097

JX010329

KC790728

Rojas et al. (2010), Weir et al. (2012)

Col. tropicicola

BCC 38877T

JN050240

JN050229

-

-

JN050218

JN050246

-

-

-

-

Noireung et al. (2012)

Col. truncatum

CBS 151.35T

GU227862

GU228254

GU228352

GU228058

GU227960

GU228156

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. utrechtense

CBS 130243T

KM105201

KM105554

KM105271

KM105341

KM105411

KM105481

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. verruculosum

IMI 45525T

GU227806

GU228198

GU228296

GU228002

GU227904

GU228100

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2009)

Col. vietnamense

CBS 125478T

KF687721

KF687832

KF687769

KF687855

KF687792

KF687877

KF687816

KF687753

-

-

Liu et al. (2014)

Col. vignae

CBS 501.97T

KM105183

KM105534

KM105253

KM105323

KM105393

KM105463

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2014)

Col. viniferum

GZAAS 5.08601T

JN412804

JN412798

-

-

JN412795

JN412813

JQ309639

JN412787

-

 -

Peng et al. (2013), Hyde et al. (2014)

Col. walleri

CBS 125472T

JQ948275

JQ948605

JQ948936

JQ949266

JQ949596

JQ949926

-

-

-

-

Damm et al. (2012b)

Col. wuxiense

CGMCC 3.17894T

KU251591

KU252045

KU251939

-

KU251672

KU252200

KU251833

KU252101

-

KU251722

Wang et al. 2016

Col. xanthorrhoeae

ICMP 17903T

JX010261

JX009927

JX009823

-

JX009478

JX010448

JX009653

JX010138

JX010369

KC790689

Shivas et al. (1998), Weir et al. (2012)

Col. yunnanense

CBS 132135T

EF369490, JX546804

JX546706

JX519231

JX546755

JX519239

JX519248

-

-

-

-

Liu et al. (2007), Cannon et al. (2012)

                           

1ATCC: American Type Culture Collection, Virginia, USA; BCC: BIOTEC Culture Collection, National Center for Genetic Engineering and Biotechnology (BIOTEC), Khlong Luang, Pathumthani, Thailand; BRIP: Queensland Plant Pathology Herbarium, Brisbane, Australia; CBS: Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute, Utrecht, the Netherlands; CGMCC: Chinese General Microbiological Culture Collection Center, Beijing, China; COAD: Coleção Octávio Almeida Drummond, Universidade Ferderal de Viçosa, Viçosa, Brazil; CPC: Culture collection of Pedro Crous, housed at Westerdijk Fungal Biodiversity Institute; GZAAS: Guizhou Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guizhou Province, China. ICMP: International Collection of Micro-organisms from Plants, Landcare Research, Private Bag 92170, Auckland, New Zealand; IMI: International Mycological Institute, Kew, UK; MAFF: Ministry of Agriculture, Forestry and Fisheries, Tsukuba, Ibaraki, Japan; MFLU: Herbarium of Mae Fah Luang University, Chiang Rai, Thailand; MFLUCC: Mae Fah Luang University Culture Collection, Chiang Ria, Thailand. HT and T indicates holotype specimens and ex-type strains, respectively.

2ITS: internal transcribed spacers and intervening 5.8S nrDNA; gapdh: partial glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase gene; chs-1: partial chitin synthase-1 gene; his: partial histone H3 gene; act: partial actin gene; tub2: partial beta-tubulin gene; cal: partial calmodulin gene; gs: partial glutamine synthetase gene; sod2: partial manganese superoxide dismutase gene; ApMat: partial Apn2-Mat1-2 intergenic spacer and partial mating type (Mat1-2) gene.

 

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